Vocal Cord Dysfunction

Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) is a disorder of the vocal cords that affects the ability to speak and breathe. It is a type of airway disorder that can cause difficulty breathing, wheezing, and a feeling of tightness in the throat. VCD is often misdiagnosed as asthma, but it is a distinct disorder with its own set of causes and risk factors.

What Causes Vocal Cord Dysfunction?

The exact cause of VCD is not known, but it is believed to be related to a combination of physical and psychological factors. Physical causes may include allergies, acid reflux, and exercise-induced asthma. Psychological causes may include stress, anxiety, and panic attacks. VCD can also be triggered by certain medications, such as beta-blockers and ACE inhibitors.

Who Is at Risk for Vocal Cord Dysfunction?

VCD is more common in women than men, and it is most often seen in people between the ages of 20 and 40. People with asthma, allergies, or a history of panic attacks are more likely to develop VCD. It is also more common in people who participate in strenuous physical activities, such as running or singing.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Vocal Cord Dysfunction

VCD is diagnosed through a physical examination and a series of tests, such as a chest X-ray, spirometry, and laryngoscopy. Treatment typically involves lifestyle changes, such as avoiding triggers, and medications, such as bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to correct the underlying cause of VCD.

Common Symptoms of Vocal Cord Dysfunction

• Shortness of breath
• Wheezing
• Coughing
• Hoarseness
• Pain in the throat or chest
• Difficulty speaking
• Feeling of tightness in the throat
• Difficulty swallowing

When to See a Doctor

If you experience any of the above symptoms, it is important to see a doctor as soon as possible. VCD can be a serious condition and can lead to more serious health problems if left untreated. Your doctor can diagnose VCD and recommend treatment options.

Allergies and Asthma

Allergies and asthma are two of the most common causes of VCD. Allergies can cause the vocal cords to become inflamed and swollen, which can lead to spasms and difficulty breathing. Asthma can also cause the vocal cords to spasm, as the airways become constricted and the muscles around the vocal cords tighten.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

GERD is a condition in which stomach acid and other contents of the stomach flow back up into the esophagus. This can cause irritation and inflammation of the vocal cords, leading to spasms and difficulty breathing. GERD is often associated with VCD, and treating the GERD can help reduce the symptoms of VCD.

Anxiety and Stress

Anxiety and stress can cause the muscles around the vocal cords to become tense, leading to spasms and difficulty breathing. People who suffer from anxiety and stress may be more likely to develop VCD, and managing stress and anxiety can help reduce the symptoms of VCD.

Infections

Infections of the throat, such as laryngitis, can cause the vocal cords to become inflamed and swollen, leading to spasms and difficulty breathing. Treating the infection can help reduce the symptoms of VCD.

Trauma

Trauma to the throat, such as from surgery or a traumatic event, can cause the vocal cords to become inflamed and swollen, leading to spasms and difficulty breathing. Treating the trauma can help reduce the symptoms of VCD.

Physical Exam

The first step in diagnosing VCD is a physical exam. During this exam, the doctor will look for signs of VCD, such as vocal cord spasms, difficulty breathing, and other symptoms. The doctor may also use a laryngoscope to get a better view of the vocal cords.

Imaging Tests

Imaging tests, such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs, can be used to get a better look at the vocal cords. These tests can help the doctor identify any abnormalities in the vocal cords that may be causing the symptoms.

Breathing Tests

Breathing tests, such as spirometry and peak flow tests, can be used to measure how well the lungs are functioning. These tests can help the doctor determine if the vocal cord spasms are causing difficulty breathing.

Endoscopy

An endoscopy is a procedure in which a thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the throat. This allows the doctor to get a better view of the vocal cords and identify any abnormalities that may be causing the symptoms.

Treatment

Once VCD is diagnosed, treatment can begin. Treatment may include lifestyle changes, such as avoiding triggers, as well as medications and breathing exercises. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to correct any abnormalities in the vocal cords.

Symptoms

The first thing to discuss with your doctor is your symptoms. Be sure to describe your symptoms in detail, including when they occur, how long they last, and how severe they are. This will help your doctor determine if VCD is the cause of your symptoms.

Medical History

Your doctor will also want to know about your medical history. This includes any past or current medical conditions, medications you’re taking, and any allergies you have. This information can help your doctor determine if VCD is the cause of your symptoms.

Diagnostic Tests

Your doctor may recommend certain tests to diagnose VCD. These tests may include a chest X-ray, a CT scan, or a bronchoscopy. Be sure to ask your doctor about the risks and benefits of each test before agreeing to have it done.

Treatment Options

Once your doctor has diagnosed VCD, they will discuss treatment options with you. Treatment may include medications, lifestyle changes, or breathing exercises. Be sure to ask your doctor about the risks and benefits of each treatment option before deciding which one is right for you.

Follow-Up Appointments

Finally, your doctor may recommend follow-up appointments to monitor your progress. These appointments can help your doctor determine if your treatment is working and if any changes need to be made. Be sure to keep all of your follow-up appointments to ensure that your VCD is being properly managed.

Behavioral Therapy

Behavioral therapy is a type of psychotherapy that focuses on changing behaviors and thoughts that may be contributing to VCD. This type of therapy can help people learn to recognize and manage their triggers, as well as develop coping strategies to reduce the severity of their symptoms. Behavioral therapy can also help people learn to relax their vocal cords and improve their breathing.

Medications

Medications can be used to help relax the vocal cords and reduce the severity of VCD symptoms. These medications include bronchodilators, which help open the airways, and anticholinergics, which help relax the vocal cords. In some cases, corticosteroids may be prescribed to reduce inflammation in the vocal cords.

Voice Therapy

Voice therapy is a type of therapy that focuses on improving vocal technique and reducing vocal strain. This type of therapy can help people learn to use their voices more efficiently and reduce the strain on their vocal cords. Voice therapy can also help people learn to recognize and manage their triggers, as well as develop coping strategies to reduce the severity of their symptoms.

Surgery

In some cases, surgery may be recommended to treat VCD. Surgery can help open the airways and reduce the severity of VCD symptoms. Surgery may also be recommended to repair any damage to the vocal cords that may be contributing to VCD.

Conclusion

Vocal cord dysfunction can be a difficult disorder to manage, but there are treatments available to help. Behavioral therapy, medications, voice therapy, and surgery can all be used to help manage VCD and improve breathing. It is important to talk to your doctor to determine the best treatment plan for you.

Bronchodilators

Bronchodilators are drugs that help open the airways in the lungs. They can be taken orally or inhaled. Common bronchodilators used to treat VCD include albuterol, ipratropium, and levalbuterol. These drugs can help reduce the spasms in the vocal cords and make it easier to breathe.

Anticholinergics

Anticholinergics are drugs that block the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. This can help reduce the spasms in the vocal cords and make it easier to breathe. Common anticholinergics used to treat VCD include atropine, glycopyrrolate, and ipratropium.

Corticosteroids

Corticosteroids are drugs that reduce inflammation. They can be taken orally or inhaled. Common corticosteroids used to treat VCD include prednisone, methylprednisolone, and budesonide. These drugs can help reduce inflammation in the vocal cords and make it easier to breathe.

Muscle Relaxants

Muscle relaxants are drugs that help relax the muscles in the vocal cords. Common muscle relaxants used to treat VCD include baclofen, diazepam, and tizanidine. These drugs can help reduce the spasms in the vocal cords and make it easier to breathe.

Antihistamines

Antihistamines are drugs that block the action of histamine, a chemical released by the body during an allergic reaction. Common antihistamines used to treat VCD include diphenhydramine, loratadine, and cetirizine. These drugs can help reduce inflammation in the vocal cords and make it easier to breathe.

Conclusion

Vocal cord dysfunction can be a difficult condition to manage, but there are a number of drugs that can help. Bronchodilators, anticholinergics, corticosteroids, muscle relaxants, and antihistamines can all help reduce the spasms in the vocal cords and make it easier to breathe.

Foods to Eat

Eating a healthy, balanced diet is important for managing VCD. Foods that are high in antioxidants, such as fruits and vegetables, can help reduce inflammation in the vocal cords and improve overall health. Foods that are high in omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon, tuna, and walnuts, can also help reduce inflammation. Additionally, foods that are high in fiber, such as whole grains, beans, and legumes, can help reduce symptoms of VCD.

Foods to Avoid

Certain foods and drinks can worsen symptoms of VCD. Foods that are high in fat, such as fried foods and processed meats, can increase inflammation in the vocal cords. Additionally, foods that are high in sugar, such as candy and soda, can worsen symptoms of VCD. It is also important to avoid alcohol and caffeine, as these can worsen symptoms of VCD.

Conclusion

While there is no specific diet that can treat VCD, eating a healthy, balanced diet can help reduce symptoms and improve overall health. Eating foods that are high in antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, and fiber can help reduce inflammation in the vocal cords. Additionally, avoiding foods that are high in fat, sugar, alcohol, and caffeine can help reduce symptoms of VCD.

1. Avoid Irritants

Avoiding irritants is one of the most important lifestyle tips for managing VCD. Common irritants include smoke, dust, pollen, and strong odors. If you are exposed to any of these, try to limit your exposure as much as possible. If you can’t avoid them, wear a face mask to help filter out the irritants.

2. Practice Relaxation Techniques

Relaxation techniques can help reduce stress and anxiety, which can trigger VCD symptoms. Try deep breathing exercises, progressive muscle relaxation, or guided imagery. You can also practice yoga or meditation to help relax your body and mind.

3. Exercise Regularly

Regular exercise can help reduce stress and improve your overall health. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise, such as walking, jogging, or swimming, most days of the week. If you have difficulty breathing, try low-impact exercises such as yoga or tai chi.

4. Eat a Healthy Diet

Eating a healthy diet can help reduce inflammation in your body, which can help reduce VCD symptoms. Focus on eating plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Avoid processed foods, sugar, and saturated fats, as these can worsen inflammation.

5. Get Enough Sleep

Getting enough sleep is essential for managing VCD. Aim for 7-8 hours of sleep each night. If you have difficulty sleeping, try avoiding caffeine and alcohol before bed, and establish a regular sleep routine.

Conclusion

Vocal cord dysfunction can be a difficult condition to manage, but with the right lifestyle changes, you can improve your quality of life. Avoid irritants, practice relaxation techniques, exercise regularly, eat a healthy diet, and get enough sleep. With these tips, you can help manage your VCD and live a healthier life.