Sensory Processing Disorder

Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) is a neurological disorder that affects how the brain processes sensory information from the environment. It is also known as Sensory Integration Dysfunction or Dysfunction in Sensory Integration. It is estimated that 1 in 20 children have SPD, and it is more common in children with autism, ADHD, and other developmental disabilities.

What Causes SPD?

The exact cause of SPD is unknown, but it is believed to be related to the way the brain processes sensory information. It is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

What Are the Signs and Symptoms of SPD?

The signs and symptoms of SPD vary from person to person, but they can include difficulty with balance and coordination, difficulty with motor skills, difficulty with social interaction, difficulty with communication, and difficulty with self-regulation.

How Is SPD Diagnosed?

SPD is diagnosed by a healthcare professional, such as a pediatrician, neurologist, or occupational therapist. The diagnosis is based on a comprehensive evaluation that includes a physical exam, medical history, and a review of the child's behavior.

What Are the Treatment Options for SPD?

Treatment for SPD typically includes occupational therapy, physical therapy, speech therapy, and/or behavioral therapy. Treatment is tailored to the individual and may include sensory integration activities, sensory diets, and other strategies to help the individual cope with their symptoms.

Conclusion

Sensory Processing Disorder is a neurological disorder that affects how the brain processes sensory information from the environment. It is estimated to affect 1 in 20 children, and it is more common in children with autism, ADHD, and other developmental disabilities. Treatment for SPD typically includes occupational therapy, physical therapy, speech therapy, and/or behavioral therapy. If you think your child may have SPD, it is important to talk to your healthcare provider to get an accurate diagnosis and to find the best treatment plan for your child.

Oversensitivity to Sensations

People with SPD may be overly sensitive to certain sensations, such as loud noises, bright lights, or certain textures. They may also be sensitive to smells, tastes, or temperatures. This can lead to difficulty in everyday activities, such as going to the grocery store or a restaurant.

Under-Responsiveness to Sensations

People with SPD may be under-responsive to certain sensations, such as touch or movement. This can lead to difficulty in activities such as brushing teeth or getting dressed. They may also be less aware of their body in space, leading to clumsiness or difficulty with balance.

Difficulty with Motor Skills

People with SPD may have difficulty with motor skills, such as writing, drawing, or tying shoes. They may also have difficulty with coordination and balance, leading to clumsiness or difficulty with sports or other physical activities.

Difficulty with Social Interactions

People with SPD may have difficulty with social interactions, such as making friends or understanding social cues. They may also have difficulty with communication, such as speaking or understanding language.

Difficulty with Self-Regulation

People with SPD may have difficulty with self-regulation, such as controlling emotions or managing stress. They may also have difficulty with concentration or staying on task.

Conclusion

Sensory Processing Disorder is a neurological disorder that affects how the brain processes sensory information from the environment. People with SPD may have difficulty with everyday activities such as dressing, eating, and playing. The symptoms of SPD can vary from person to person, but may include oversensitivity to sensations, under-responsiveness to sensations, difficulty with motor skills, difficulty with social interactions, and difficulty with self-regulation.

Genetics

Research suggests that genetics may play a role in the development of SPD. Studies have found that SPD is more common in individuals with a family history of the disorder. Additionally, some genetic mutations have been linked to SPD, suggesting that certain genetic factors may increase a person’s risk of developing the disorder.

Brain Development

Brain development is another potential factor in the development of SPD. Studies have found that individuals with SPD often have differences in the structure and function of certain areas of the brain. These differences may affect how the brain processes sensory information, leading to the symptoms of SPD.

Environmental Factors

Environmental factors may also contribute to the development of SPD. For example, exposure to certain toxins or medications during pregnancy or early childhood may increase a person’s risk of developing the disorder. Additionally, traumatic experiences, such as physical or emotional abuse, may also increase the risk of developing SPD.

Conclusion

Sensory Processing Disorder is a neurological disorder that affects how the brain processes sensory information from the environment. While the exact cause of SPD is unknown, there are several potential factors that may contribute to its development, including genetics, brain development, and environmental factors.

Physical Examination

A physical examination is the first step in diagnosing SPD. During the exam, the doctor will look for signs of physical problems that could be causing the symptoms. This may include checking for hearing or vision problems, as well as testing reflexes and muscle strength. The doctor may also order tests to rule out other conditions, such as autism or ADHD.

Medical History

The doctor will also ask questions about the person's medical history. This includes questions about any past or current medical conditions, as well as any medications the person is taking. The doctor may also ask about the person's family history, as some conditions, such as autism, can run in families.

Observation

The doctor may also observe the person's behavior in different situations. This can help the doctor determine if the person is having difficulty processing sensory information. For example, the doctor may observe how the person reacts to loud noises or bright lights. The doctor may also ask the person to perform certain tasks, such as drawing a picture or playing a game, to see how they respond to different stimuli.

Diagnosis

Once the doctor has gathered all the necessary information, they will make a diagnosis. If the person is diagnosed with SPD, the doctor may recommend treatment options, such as occupational therapy or sensory integration therapy. Treatment can help the person better manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life.

Questions to Ask Your Doctor About Sensory Processing Disorder

• What type of SPD do I/my child have?
• What are the symptoms of SPD?
• What treatments are available for SPD?
• What lifestyle changes can I make to help manage SPD?
• Are there any activities or therapies that can help with SPD?
• Are there any support groups or resources available for people with SPD?

Tips for Talking to Your Doctor About Sensory Processing Disorder

• Be prepared. Write down any questions or concerns you have before your appointment.
• Be honest. Tell your doctor about any symptoms you are experiencing and how they are impacting your life.
• Be open to suggestions. Your doctor may have ideas or recommendations that can help you manage your SPD.
• Take notes. Write down any information your doctor provides so you can refer back to it later.
• Follow up. If you have any additional questions or concerns, don't hesitate to reach out to your doctor.

Talking to your doctor about SPD can be intimidating, but it is important to have an open and honest conversation about the condition. By asking the right questions and being prepared, you can ensure that you get the most out of your appointment and get the help you need to manage your SPD.

Occupational Therapy

Occupational therapy is a type of therapy that focuses on helping people with physical, mental, or developmental disabilities to develop the skills they need to live independently. Occupational therapists can help people with SPD develop strategies to cope with sensory overload, such as deep breathing and relaxation techniques. They can also provide sensory integration therapy, which involves activities designed to help the person become more aware of their body and how it responds to different stimuli.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapy that focuses on helping people identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors. CBT can help people with SPD learn to recognize and manage their emotions, as well as develop strategies to cope with difficult situations. It can also help them learn to better regulate their responses to sensory stimuli.

Medication

In some cases, medication may be prescribed to help manage the symptoms of SPD. Medications such as antidepressants and anti-anxiety medications can help reduce the intensity of sensory overload and improve mood. However, it is important to note that medication should only be used as a last resort, and should always be taken under the supervision of a doctor.

Dietary Changes

Dietary changes can also be beneficial for people with SPD. Eating a balanced diet that is low in processed foods and high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help reduce the intensity of sensory overload. Additionally, avoiding foods that contain artificial colors, flavors, and preservatives can help reduce the risk of sensory overload.

Alternative Therapies

Alternative therapies, such as yoga, massage, and acupuncture, can also be beneficial for people with SPD. These therapies can help reduce stress and anxiety, as well as improve mood and focus. Additionally, they can help the person become more aware of their body and how it responds to different stimuli.

Sensory Processing Disorder can be a difficult condition to manage, but with the right treatments, it is possible to reduce the intensity of the symptoms and improve quality of life. If you or someone you know is living with SPD, it is important to speak to a doctor or therapist to find the best treatment plan for you.

Types of Drugs Used to Treat SPD

The most common type of drugs used to treat SPD are stimulants, such as methylphenidate (Ritalin) and amphetamines (Adderall). These drugs can help improve focus and attention, as well as reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity. Other medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants, may also be used to help manage symptoms of SPD. These drugs can help reduce anxiety and depression, as well as improve sleep.

Side Effects of Drugs Used to Treat SPD

As with any medication, there are potential side effects associated with drugs used to treat SPD. Common side effects of stimulants include decreased appetite, difficulty sleeping, and irritability. SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants can cause nausea, weight gain, and drowsiness. It is important to talk to your doctor about any side effects you may experience while taking these medications.

Conclusion

Drugs can be an effective way to manage the symptoms of Sensory Processing Disorder. Stimulants, SSRIs, and tricyclic antidepressants are the most commonly used medications for SPD. However, it is important to talk to your doctor about any potential side effects before starting any medication. With the right treatment plan, people with SPD can lead happy and productive lives.

Foods to Avoid

Certain foods can worsen the symptoms of SPD. These include processed foods, artificial colors and flavors, and foods high in sugar and fat. Caffeine and alcohol should also be avoided, as they can increase sensitivity to sensory stimuli. Additionally, foods that are high in glutamate, such as MSG, can cause an increase in sensory sensitivity.

Foods to Include

A diet that is rich in whole foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins, can help to reduce the symptoms of SPD. Foods that are high in omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon, walnuts, and flaxseed, can also help to reduce sensory sensitivity. Additionally, foods that are high in magnesium, such as spinach, almonds, and dark chocolate, can help to reduce stress and anxiety.

Conclusion

Diet can play an important role in managing the symptoms of Sensory Processing Disorder. Avoiding processed foods, artificial colors and flavors, and foods high in sugar and fat can help to reduce sensory sensitivity. Additionally, including foods that are high in omega-3 fatty acids and magnesium can help to reduce stress and anxiety.

Create a Sensory-Friendly Environment

Creating a sensory-friendly environment can help reduce the amount of sensory input that can be overwhelming for someone with SPD. This can include reducing clutter, using soft lighting, and avoiding strong smells. Additionally, it can be helpful to provide sensory-friendly items such as weighted blankets, noise-canceling headphones, and fidgets.

Establish a Routine

Having a consistent routine can help reduce stress and anxiety for someone with SPD. Establishing a daily routine can help provide structure and predictability, which can help reduce sensory overload. Additionally, it can be helpful to provide visual cues to help remind the person of the routine.

Engage in Relaxation Techniques

Relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, and mindfulness can help reduce stress and anxiety. These techniques can help the person with SPD to better manage their sensory input and respond to it in a more appropriate way.

Seek Professional Help

If lifestyle tips are not enough to manage the symptoms of SPD, it is important to seek professional help. A doctor or therapist can provide additional support and resources to help manage the symptoms of SPD.