Cervical Spinal Stenosis

11 min read

Cervical spinal stenosis is a condition that occurs when the spinal canal narrows in the neck area, putting pressure on the spinal cord and nerves. This narrowing can be caused by a variety of factors, including age-related wear and tear, herniated discs, bone spurs, and tumors. It is a common cause of neck pain and can lead to other symptoms, such as numbness, tingling, and weakness in the arms and legs.

Causes of Cervical Spinal Stenosis

Cervical spinal stenosis is most commonly caused by age-related wear and tear on the spine. As we age, the discs between the vertebrae can become thinner and less flexible, leading to a narrowing of the spinal canal. Other causes of cervical spinal stenosis include herniated discs, bone spurs, and tumors.

Diagnosis of Cervical Spinal Stenosis

Cervical spinal stenosis is typically diagnosed through a physical exam and imaging tests, such as an X-ray, CT scan, or MRI. During the physical exam, your doctor will check for signs of nerve damage, such as numbness, tingling, and weakness in the arms and legs. Imaging tests can help your doctor determine the extent of the narrowing and any other underlying conditions.

Complications of Cervical Spinal Stenosis

Cervical spinal stenosis can lead to a variety of complications, including nerve damage, paralysis, and even death. If left untreated, the narrowing of the spinal canal can cause the spinal cord to become compressed, leading to a loss of sensation and movement in the arms and legs. In severe cases, the narrowing can cause the spinal cord to become completely blocked, leading to paralysis or even death.

Symptoms

Neck Pain

One of the most common symptoms of cervical spinal stenosis is neck pain. This pain can range from mild to severe and can be accompanied by stiffness and tenderness. It may also radiate down the arms and legs.

Numbness and Tingling

Numbness and tingling in the arms and legs is another common symptom of cervical spinal stenosis. This can be caused by the pressure on the nerves in the spinal cord. It can also cause a feeling of weakness in the arms and legs.

Loss of Balance and Coordination

Cervical spinal stenosis can also cause a loss of balance and coordination. This can make it difficult to walk or perform other activities. It can also cause a feeling of dizziness or lightheadedness.

Difficulty Urinating or Bowel Movements

Cervical spinal stenosis can also cause difficulty with urination or bowel movements. This can be caused by the pressure on the nerves in the spinal cord. It can also cause a feeling of weakness in the pelvic area.

Severe Headaches

Severe headaches are another symptom of cervical spinal stenosis. This can be caused by the pressure on the nerves in the spinal cord. It can also cause a feeling of dizziness or lightheadedness.

Treatment

If you are experiencing any of the symptoms of cervical spinal stenosis, it is important to seek medical attention. Treatment options may include physical therapy, medications, or surgery. Your doctor will be able to determine the best course of treatment for you.

Take the Cervical Spinal Stenosis Assessment

Causes

Age

As people age, the spinal canal can become narrower due to the natural wear and tear of the spine. This is known as degenerative spinal stenosis and is the most common cause of cervical spinal stenosis in older adults.

Injury

Injury to the spine can cause the spinal canal to narrow, leading to cervical spinal stenosis. This can occur due to a traumatic injury, such as a car accident, or due to repetitive stress injuries, such as those caused by heavy lifting.

Herniated Discs

Herniated discs occur when the soft, jelly-like center of a spinal disc bulges out of its normal position. This can cause the spinal canal to narrow, leading to cervical spinal stenosis.

Bone Spurs

Bone spurs, or osteophytes, are bony growths that can form on the vertebrae. They can cause the spinal canal to narrow, leading to cervical spinal stenosis.

Tumors

Tumors can form on the spine and cause the spinal canal to narrow, leading to cervical spinal stenosis. These tumors can be benign or malignant.

Getting a Diagnosis

Physical Exam

During a physical exam, your doctor will check your neck for tenderness, range of motion, and any signs of nerve damage. They may also check your reflexes and muscle strength.

Imaging Tests

Imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs can help your doctor diagnose cervical spinal stenosis. These tests can show the size of the spinal canal and any narrowing or compression of the spinal cord or nerves.

Nerve Conduction Study

A nerve conduction study is a test that measures the electrical activity of the nerves. It can help your doctor determine if there is nerve damage due to cervical spinal stenosis.

Conclusion

Diagnosis of cervical spinal stenosis typically involves a physical exam, imaging tests, and possibly a nerve conduction study. These tests can help your doctor determine the extent of the condition and the best course of treatment.

Questions for Your Doctor

Diagnosis

Discuss the tests that your doctor will use to diagnose your condition. These tests may include an MRI, CT scan, or X-ray. Ask your doctor about the results of these tests and what they mean for your condition.

Treatment Options

Discuss the treatment options available to you. These may include physical therapy, medications, or surgery. Ask your doctor about the risks and benefits of each option and which one is best for you.

Pain Management

Discuss ways to manage your pain. Ask your doctor about medications, lifestyle changes, and other treatments that can help reduce your pain. Also, ask your doctor about any activities that you should avoid to prevent further pain.

Follow-up Care

Discuss the follow-up care that you will need. Ask your doctor about any additional tests or treatments that may be necessary. Also, ask your doctor about any lifestyle changes that you should make to help manage your condition.

Treatment

Non-Surgical Treatments

Non-surgical treatments are the first line of defense for cervical spinal stenosis. These treatments can include:

  • Physical therapy: Physical therapy can help strengthen the muscles in the neck and back, improve posture, and reduce pain.
  • Medication: Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen, can help reduce pain and inflammation. Prescription medications, such as muscle relaxants and anti-inflammatory drugs, may also be prescribed.
  • Injections: Corticosteroid injections can help reduce inflammation and pain. Injections of anesthetic medications can also provide temporary relief.
  • Heat and cold therapy: Applying heat or cold to the affected area can help reduce pain and inflammation.

Surgical Treatments

If non-surgical treatments are not effective, surgery may be recommended. The type of surgery will depend on the severity of the condition. Common surgical treatments for cervical spinal stenosis include:

  • Laminectomy: This procedure involves removing part of the vertebrae to create more space for the spinal cord and nerves.
  • Foraminotomy: This procedure involves enlarging the openings in the vertebrae to relieve pressure on the nerves.
  • Spinal fusion: This procedure involves fusing two or more vertebrae together to stabilize the spine.

If you are experiencing symptoms of cervical spinal stenosis, it is important to speak to your doctor about the best treatment options for you. With the right treatment plan, you can manage your symptoms and improve your quality of life.

Drugs & Medications

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a type of medication commonly used to treat pain and inflammation. Commonly prescribed NSAIDs for cervical spinal stenosis include ibuprofen, naproxen, and celecoxib. These medications can help reduce pain and inflammation in the neck and spine.

Muscle Relaxants

Muscle relaxants are medications that help to relax the muscles in the neck and spine. This can help reduce pain and improve mobility. Commonly prescribed muscle relaxants for cervical spinal stenosis include cyclobenzaprine, carisoprodol, and tizanidine.

Opioids

Opioids are a type of medication used to treat severe pain. They are usually prescribed when other medications, such as NSAIDs and muscle relaxants, are not effective. Commonly prescribed opioids for cervical spinal stenosis include oxycodone, hydrocodone, and morphine.

Antidepressants

Antidepressants are medications that can help reduce pain and improve mood. They can also help reduce anxiety and improve sleep. Commonly prescribed antidepressants for cervical spinal stenosis include amitriptyline, duloxetine, and venlafaxine.

Corticosteroids

Corticosteroids are medications that can help reduce inflammation and pain. They are usually prescribed when other medications, such as NSAIDs, are not effective. Commonly prescribed corticosteroids for cervical spinal stenosis include prednisone and methylprednisolone.

Conclusion

Cervical spinal stenosis can cause pain, numbness, and weakness in the neck, arms, and legs. Fortunately, there are a variety of medications available to help manage the symptoms of cervical spinal stenosis. These medications include NSAIDs, muscle relaxants, opioids, antidepressants, and corticosteroids. It is important to talk to your doctor about the best treatment option for you.

Diet

Eat Anti-Inflammatory Foods

Eating anti-inflammatory foods can help reduce inflammation in the body, which can help reduce pain and other symptoms associated with cervical spinal stenosis. Foods that are high in anti-inflammatory properties include:

  • Olive oil
  • Fish, such as salmon, tuna, and mackerel
  • Fruits, such as blueberries, strawberries, and oranges
  • Vegetables, such as spinach, kale, and broccoli
  • Nuts and seeds, such as almonds, walnuts, and flaxseeds
  • Whole grains, such as quinoa, oats, and brown rice

Limit Processed Foods

Processed foods are high in sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats, which can increase inflammation in the body. Limiting processed foods can help reduce inflammation and improve overall health. Examples of processed foods to avoid include:

  • Fried foods
  • Sugary drinks
  • Candy and sweets
  • Processed meats, such as hot dogs and bacon
  • White bread and other refined grains
  • Packaged snacks, such as chips and crackers

Stay Hydrated

Staying hydrated is important for overall health and can help reduce inflammation. Aim to drink at least 8 glasses of water per day. You can also get fluids from other sources, such as fruits and vegetables. Additionally, limiting caffeine and alcohol can help reduce inflammation.

Conclusion

While there is no specific diet that can treat cervical spinal stenosis, eating anti-inflammatory foods, limiting processed foods, and staying hydrated can help reduce inflammation and improve overall health. Talk to your doctor or a registered dietitian for more information about diet and cervical spinal stenosis.

Lifestyle

Exercise

Regular exercise is important for people with cervical spinal stenosis. Low-impact activities such as walking, swimming, and yoga can help strengthen the muscles in the neck and back, improve flexibility, and reduce pain. It is important to talk to your doctor before starting any exercise program.

Posture

Maintaining good posture is essential for people with cervical spinal stenosis. Sitting and standing with your back straight and your shoulders back can help reduce pain and improve mobility. It is also important to avoid activities that involve bending or twisting the neck, such as looking down at a phone or tablet for long periods of time.

Stress Management

Stress can worsen symptoms of cervical spinal stenosis, so it is important to find ways to manage stress. Relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, and yoga can help reduce stress and improve overall wellbeing. It is also important to get enough sleep and to take breaks throughout the day.

Pain Management

Pain management is an important part of managing cervical spinal stenosis. Over-the-counter pain medications such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen can help reduce pain and inflammation. It is important to talk to your doctor before taking any medications. Other treatments such as physical therapy, massage, and acupuncture can also help reduce pain and improve mobility.

Conclusion

Cervical spinal stenosis can be a painful and debilitating condition, but there are lifestyle changes that can help reduce symptoms and improve quality of life. Regular exercise, good posture, stress management, and pain management are all important for managing this condition. It is important to talk to your doctor before making any lifestyle changes.